More Information
Electroencephalographic responses of halothane - anaesthetised calves to slaughter by ventral-neck incision without prior stunning
Gibson TJ, Johnson CB, Murrell JC, Hulls CM, Mitchinson SL, Stafford KJ, Johnstone AC, Mellor DJ
New Zealand Veterinary Journal, Volume 57, Issue 2, pp 77-83, Apr 2009
New Zealand Veterinary Journal, Volume 57, Issue 2, pp 77-83, Apr 2009
Article class: Scientific Article
Subject Terms: Anaesthesia/analgesia/sedation, Animal remedies/veterinary medicines, Animal welfare, Circulatory system/haematology, Head/neck, Nervous system/neurology, Pain, Skeletal/bone/cartilage, Slaughter
Animal Type: Cattle, Livestock, Production animal, Ruminant
Publisher: Taylor and FrancisAbstract
AIM: To investigate whether the electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to slaughter by ventral-neck incision without prior stunning may be perceived as painful in halothane-anaesthetised calves.METHODS: Fourteen Angus steers were minimally anaesthetised with halothane, using an established anaesthesia protocol. EEG indices were recorded bilaterally for 5 minutes prior to and 5 minutes following ventral-neck incision. A single incision was made in the ventral aspect of the neck, severing all tissues ventral to the vertebral column including the major blood vessels supplying and draining the head. Changes in the median frequency (F50), 95% spectral edge frequency (F95) and total power of the EEG (Ptot) were used to investigate the effects of ventral-neck incision. At the completion of the experiment, brains of calves were examined histologically.
RESULTS: During the 30 seconds following ventral-neck incision, the F95 and Ptot showed significant changes (p<0.05) compared with pre-treatment values. The F50 increased significantly from recordings from the right side of the cranium. No gross or histological abnormalities were detected in the brains following slaughter.
CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first investigation of the noxiousness of slaughter by ventral-neck incision, using EEG spectral analysis. It demonstrated that there is a period following slaughter where ventral-neck incision represents a noxious stimulus.
KEY WORDS: Calves, compressed spectral array, electroencephalogram, emergency slaughter, minimal anaesthesia, nociception, pain, slaughter, ventral-neck incision
The whole of the literary matter of the New Zealand Veterinary Journal is copyright Taylor and Francis, Downloading this article signifies agreement with the terms and conditions of electronic access.