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Advanced search guide

All search functions and search operators (and, or, not, near) are case insensitive (i.e. there is no difference between capital and lower-case letters).
You can combine search terms, both within phrases entered in text-boxes and between text-boxes, using search operators (and, or, not, near)

Note: near only operates in the Full Text search box.

You can search for exact phrases in Full Text, Title and Author/s search boxes by enclosing these in speech (" ") marks: e.g. “dairy cow” searches for both words next to each other.
The default operator is and, i.e. if two words are typed together without using an operator or enclosing them in speech marks, the operator and is added during searching; e.g. typing dairy cow returns the same results as typing dairy and cow.

Wildcard characters (*?) can be used to substitute for parts of a word or phrase that you know are variable or that you are unsure about.

To perform your search, click on the Search button.

 

 

Searching

Full Text Searching


Full Text searching seeks any occurrence of the specified words or phrases anywhere within the full text of all articles.

Words within the lists of References of all articles are excluded.

This is an extremely powerful function, but will return articles irrespective of context in which words are found.

Full Text searches are usually less specific than Title or Subject searches, but are generally the most comprehensive.


Full Text searches return all articles that CONTAIN the search word or phrase, whereas Title or Subject searches generally return articles that are ABOUT the search word or phrase, and are usually more specific.

For example, studies on cattle might be mentioned in the Introduction or Discussion of articles about sheep. Searching on “cattle” using the Full Text search will bring up both articles ABOUT cattle and articles that have nothing specifically to do with cattle, but in which the word “cattle” is mentioned.

For the New Zealand Veterinary Journal archive, the text of all articles published prior to 1999 was generated using optical character recognition from scanned pages and has not been edited. The articles displayed are exactly as published, but the text used for searching (which is hidden from view) will contain some inaccuracies, particularly for older articles of lower print quality. Hence don’t be surprised if you get a few unexpected results!

The text of articles published from 1999 onwards should be as accurate as the printed copy.

Type in word/s to search for in the Full Text box.

Combine words using and, or, not, or near operators (e.g. cow or bovine not sheep), or search for an exact phrase using speech marks (e.g. “dairy cow”).

The default operator is and (e.g. typing the 2 words dairy cow without speech marks searches for dairy and cow, regardless of proximity).

* matches any combination of characters (e.g. oestr* = oestrogen, oestrous, oestrus etc).

? matches any single character or no character (e.g. oestr?us = oestrus and oestrous.

Click for more help on:
- Using Operators
- Using Wildcards
- Exact Phrases
- Combining Operators

Title Searching

Title searching seeks any occurrence of the specified words or phrases within the title of all articles.

Title searches return all articles that contain the search word or phrase in their title.

Title searching is usually more specific than Full Text searching.

Type in word/s to search for in the Title box.

Combine words using and, or, not operators (e.g. skin not test), or search for an exact phrase using speech marks (e.g. “skin graft”).

Note: in Title searches the Near operator does not function and the not operator does not function inside brackets (i.e. in nested searches)

The default operator is and (e.g. typing in the 2 words skin graft without speech marks searches for skin and graft, regardless of proximity).

* matches any combination of characters (e.g. oestr* = oestrogen, oestrous, oestrus etc).

? matches any single character (but not no character) e.g. cow? = cows and cowl.

Species names often occur within brackets and are best searched for inside wildcards to ensure these are matched e.g. *Llama* or *Cervus elaphus*

Click for more help on:
- Using Operators
- Using Wildcards
- Exact Phrases
- Combining Operators

Author Searching

The Author/s box will allow you to type in author’s names (surname first), or to select names from a drop-down list, accessed by clicking on the three dots (...) to the right of the Author's text box and then on the first letter of the author's surname in the list that appears. In the popup window that appears, you can also type in the first few letters of an author's name in the text box underneath the alphabet, then click on the 'funnel' icon, and select the name you want from the short list that is then displayed.

If you choose more than one author from the popup lists, these will be appended with OR operators between them. You can change OR to AND or NOT manually if you wish to.

Back on the Search page, typing the name smith directly into the Author text box and clicking on the 'Search' button will return all articles by all authors with the surname “smith”, regardless of initials. To narrow your search, you can type in surname and initials enclosed within speech marks (e.g. “smith bl”), or select individual authors from the drop-down list.

Note that many authors have published articles at different times using one or more initials. E.g. Badcoe L and Badcoe LM

Names and initials are entered in the database exactly as they appear in the printed copy (even if the printed copy is erroneous).

Type in Author/s name/s (surname first, optionally followed by a space then initials) or click on the three dots (...) to select names from a complete Author list.

Use speech marks for exact matches (e.g. “smith bf”).

Combine names using and, or, not operators (e.g. smith and towers, or for a more precise search, “smith bl” and “towers nr”).

Note: in Author searches the Near operator does not function and the not operator does not function inside brackets (i.e. in nested searches)

* matches any combination of characters (e.g. barr* = barrel, barrick etc).

? matches any single character (but not no character) e.g. all?n = allen and allan.

Click for more help on:
- Using Operators
- Using Wildcards
- Exact Phrases
- Combining Operators


Article Type Searching

All articles published in the New Zealand Veterinary Journal have been classified according to type (e.g. Scientific articles, Review articles, Short communications, Clinical communications, Scientific correspondence, and General).

You can restrict your search to only view articles of a defined Article Type.

Click in the text-box to select an Article Type from the drop-down list.

Only Article Types on the list can be selected.

You can combine search criteria entered in other rows with Article Type by selecting an entry in the Article Type box and an operator (and, or, not) from the small box to the left of this row.

e.g. Full Text = sporidesmin and Article Type = Review articles will search for all Review articles that contain the word “sporidesmin”

To clear this box, double click to highlight the entry and press the Delete key.

Click for more help on:
- Using drop-down menus
- Using and, or, not boxes


Animal type Searching

Articles have been classified according to the predominant type of animal (e.g. cattle, sheep, deer, horse, cat, dog, etc) studied or reviewed.

This classification is not exhaustive. Animal types other than those listed may be mentioned in an article.

Generic categories are also provided (e.g. Companion animal = cats and dogs; Ruminants = cattle, sheep, deer and goats).

You can restrict your search to only view articles of a defined Animal type by selecting one or more of these from the drop-down lists in this row.

Click in a text-box in this row to select an Animal type from a drop-down list. Only Animal types on the list can be selected.

You can search for combinations of Animal types by selecting these in adjacent boxes in this row, linked by and, or, not operators selected by clicking on the arrows in the small boxes in between.

e.g. Animal type = cattle or sheep not deer

You can combine search criteria entered in other rows with Animal types using an operator (and, or, not) from the small box to the left of this row.

e.g. Full Text = sporidesmin and Animal type = Sheep will search for all articles that contain the word “sporidesmin” that are predominantly about sheep.

To clear this box, double click to highlight the entry and press the Delete key.

Click for more help on:
- Using drop-down menus
- Using and, or, not boxes


The Animal type and Subject search panel can be ignored to simply search options for users focussing on searches by author/s or word/s in titles or full text. To hide this panel, click on the Hide button; to display this panel, click on the Search by Animal type and Subject button.

Subject Searching

All articles have been classified according to the predominant subjects studied or reviewed. The Subject categories reflect an opinion as to the general topic/s each article is ABOUT.

This classification is not exhaustive and is intended as a guide only.

As such, not all papers that mention a particular subject or topic will necessarily be classified as being ABOUT that topic. Subject searching can be used in conjunction with Full Text or Title searching for more comprehensive results.

For example, there may be some data presented on anthelmintic resistance in an article that was classified as being predominantly about anthelmintic efficacy. Combining searches for the phrase “anthelmintic resistance” in the Full Text search box with the category “anthelmintics” in the Subject search panel using the or operator to the left of the Subject row will produce more comprehensive results than searching for the subject category “anthelmintics” alone.

You can restrict your search to only view articles on defined Subjects by selecting one or more of these from the menus in this row.

Click in a text-box in this row to select a Subject from a drop-down list. Only Subjects on the list can be selected.

You can search for combinations of Subjects by selecting these in adjacent boxes in this row, linked by and, or, not operators selected by clicking on the arrows in the small boxes in between.

e.g. Subject = copper or selenium not cobalt

You can combine search criteria entered in other rows with Subjects using an operator (and, or, not) from the small box to the left of this row.

e.g. Animal type = Sheep and Subject = selenium will search for all articles that are predominantly about selenium and sheep.

To clear this box, double click to highlight the entry and press the Delete key.

Click for more help on:
- Using drop-down menus
- Using and, or, not boxes


Restricting searches by Volume, Issue or Year

Volume
To restrict your search to a particular volume of the Journal, click on the Volume box and select a volume number.
Selecting a volume number will automatically display the year in which that volume was published and populate the Issue drop-down list with the issues published in that volume.

If this box is left blank, all volumes are searched.

To clear this box, click to highlight the entry and press the Delete key.

Issue
To restrict your search to a particular issue of the Journal, click on the Issue box select an issue number within a selected volume.
This list is only available if a volume number is selected. Only the issues published in the selected volume will be displayed (as these vary between volumes).

If this box is left blank, all issues are searched.

To clear this box, click to highlight the entry and press the Delete key.

Year From
To restrict your search to a particular year or range of years, click on the Year From box and select the oldest year from which to start your search.
Selecting a Year From will automatically display the corresponding Volume and year in the Year To box, restricting your search to a single year by default.

To expand the range of years included in your search, change the Year To entry by selecting the most recent year you wish to include.

If the Year From box is left blank, all years in the archive are searched.

To clear this box, click to highlight the entry and press the Delete key.

Year To
To restrict your search to a particular range of years, click on the Year To which your search will end (i.e. the most recent year).
This option is only available if an entry appears in the Year From box, thereby defining the range of years included in your search.

If the Year From box is left blank, all years in the archive are searched.

To clear this box, click to highlight the entry and press the Delete key.

Publication Selection
You can choose to search within a publication selection. Each publication has been classified according to type, namely: Scientific Journal (a refereed journal), scientific conference proceedings (peer-reviewed and non peer-reviewed conference proceedings), continuing education publications (short courses), books and occasional publications such as Milk Production from Pasture and the Occasional Publications of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production.

You can restrict your search to only view publications and articles of a defined publication type.

 

Drop-down menus display lists of options available.

For drop-down menu boxes (e.g. Subject boxes) only words or phrases selected from the menu are valid.

When a drop-down menu is displayed, to move up and down either:

  • Use the scroll bar to the right of the displayed list. Click and hold down the left button on your mouse over the bar and drag it up or down to scroll through the list.
  • Type the first few letters of the name or word you are seeking; this will take you to the corresponding part of the list. E.g. typing the letters that spell “tox” in quick succession when the Subject list is displayed will take you to “Toxicology”
  • Use the arrow keys on your keyboard, or the scroll wheel on your mouse (if you have one) to scroll through the list.

    When you have highlighted the entry you are seeking, either click on it or press the Enter key on your keyboard to enter the selected term in the text box.

     




    Wildcard characters can be used to substitute for parts of a word or phrase that you know are variable or that you are unsure about.

    For example, the word “oestrus” can be spelt “oestrus”, “oestrous”, “estrus” and “estrous”, depending on whether it is used as a noun or an adjective, and whether English or North American convention is chosen.

    Wildcard characters enable you to search for all combinations using a single search term.

    There are two wild card characters: the asterix “*” and the question mark “?”
    * matches any combination of characters
    ? matches any single character or no character

    Examples
    ?estr?us matches: oestrus, oestrous, estrus, estrous, anestrus and anestrous
    *oestrus matches: anoestrus, dioestrus, metoestrus etc
    cat? matches: cat and cats
    cat* matches: cat, cats, catatonic, category, cattle etc

    You can use wildcards at the beginning, middle or end of words, and you can use more than one wildcard in the same word.

    When designing your search, it helps to think about possible variations in spelling and usage of the words or phrases you are seeking to maximise the likelihood of finding all relevant articles.


     

    You can combine search terms, both within phrases entered in text-boxes and between text-boxes, using the operators and, or, not, and near (note: near only operates in the Full Text search box).

    As with all search terms in this tool, these operators are not case sensitive; i.e. it doesn’t matter whether you type them in capitals or lower-case.

    And - finds articles which contain two or more specified words. Each article found must contain both words. For example, searching for dairy and cow returns all articles that contain both the word “dairy” and the word “cow”, (regardless of the proximity of these words to each other), restricting the scope of your search.

    Or - finds articles that contain any one of the words specified. Each article found must contain at least one of the words. For example, searching for dairy or cow returns all articles that contain either the word “dairy” or the word “cow”, expanding the scope of your search.



    Not - excludes articles that contain the search term. Articles found must not contain the word or term specified. For example, searching for dairy not cow returns all articles that contain the word “dairy” but not the word “cow”.



    Near - can be used to find two words which occur in close proximity to each other (within 20 characters). For example, searching for dairy near cow returns all articles that contain both the word “dairy” and the word “cow”, no more than 20 characters apart.

    This is a distinct function from searching for exact phrases using speech marks (e.g. “dairy cow”) which is more restrictive.

    Note: near only operates in the Full Text search box.

    You can search for exact phrases in Full Text, Title and Author/s boxes by enclosing these in speech marks: e.g. “dairy cow” searches for both words next to each other.

    If two words are typed together without using an operator or enclosing them in speech marks, the operator and is added during searching; e.g. simply typing dairy cow returns the same results as typing dairy and cow.



    Use these operators in conjunction with several words to create more complex and more powerful search criteria.


    More complex searches can be made by combining operators.

    Operators are evaluated in the order: not, then and, then or

    For example, searching for dairy and cow not sheep returns articles that contain the words (“cow” but not “sheep”) and “dairy” e.g. A and B not C



    Nesting (Brackets)

    Parentheses (brackets) can also be used to change the order in which the operators are evaluated. This process is called “nesting” and helps avoid confusion when complex searches are performed.

    Consider the following example:

    dairy and cow or sheep and goat

    The use of parentheses (nesting) can be used to distinguish

    dairy and (cow or sheep) and goat

    i.e. articles containing the word “cow” or the word “sheep”, and the words “dairy” and “goat”, from

    (dairy and cow) or (sheep and goat)

    i.e. articles containing either the words “dairy” and “cow”, or the words “sheep” and “goat”.




    You can combine search criteria entered in multiple text boxes, within or between rows by selecting the required operators (and, or, not) from the small drop-down boxes situated to the left of each box.

    This gives you the power to narrow searches by entering search criteria in multiple fields.

    e.g. Full Text =

    sporidesmin and Author/s = “smith bl” not Article Type = Review articles will search for all articles published by “Smith BL” that mention the word “sporidesmin”, excluding Reviews.

    The same rules about Combining Operators described for within text-boxes apply between text-boxes and rows.

    Clicking on the Clear Search button resets all operators to their default (and between rows, or within rows).

     

    Your search criteria and the number of matching articles found will be displayed at the top of the Results window. Use these to check whether the search performed matches your intention.

    In the Results window:
    Display the abstract of an article
    By clicking on the abstract link below the article subjects. The abstract will only be accessible if:

    • You have personally registered with SciQuest. Click here to read more abut our free registration. Or..
    • If you or your institution holds a current subscription to that publication. If a subscription is held. You will be also be able to access the full text of that article.

     

    Display the full text of an article
    By clicking on the full text link below the article subjects. The fulltext of an article will only be accessible if you or your institution is currently subscribed to that publication.

    • This opens up a separate program called Acrobat Reader that displays the article as a PDF (portable document format) file in a separate window.
    • Close each article when you have finished with it in Acrobat Reader by clicking on File, then Close on the main menu bar at the top left of the screen in that program. If you don’t close each   article as you finish with it they will remain open, using your computer’s memory.
    • Remember to close Acrobat Reader when you have finished your search session.

    Purchase an article or multiple articles
    You may purchase any individual article or multiple articles from SciQuest™. In order to speed-up online purchasing you will have to complete the registration process prior to your purchase. Click here to read more abut our free registration. You will require a valid credit card to complete this online transaction.

    Send to a friend
    Send to a friend allows you to email your friends and colleagues with individual articles that are of interest to them.

    Mark articles
    Marking articles by clicking the mark article link or the check box for each article allows you to save the results of your searches for future use. You can also choose to mark all articles in your results page. You have to register and login on SciQuest™ to mark individual articles or all articles. Marking articles allows you to create saved lists in “My Articles”

    Sorting Results
    Search results may be sorted in the Results window by either first author or date (ascending or descending) by clicking in the corresponding circle immediately above the Results window.

    Order by Author
    Sorts search results alphabetically according to the surname and initials of the first author, then by date of publication (most recent first).

    Order by Date Desc
    Sorts search results by date of publication in descending order – most recent first

    Order by Date Asc
    Sorts search results by date of publication in ascending order– oldest first

    Display all articles by a particular author
    By clicking on the author’s name.

    • This performs a separate search for all articles published by that author, irrespective of the search criteria entered in the text-boxes above.
    • To return to the results of your search criteria, click on the Search button again.

    Display all articles on a Subject
    by clicking on the Subject name.

    • This performs a separate search for all articles classified as being on that Subject, irrespective of the search criteria entered in the text-boxes above.
    • To return to the results of your search criteria, click on the Search button again.

    Display all articles on an Animal
    by clicking on the Animal name.

    • This performs a separate search for all articles classified as being on that Animal, irrespective of the search criteria entered in the text-boxes above.
    • To return to the results of your search criteria, click on the Search button again.

    Exporting Results
    You can export selected results either “as displayed” or in “ISI Format” for importing into bibliographic databases, to either a saved file or to your web browser for printing.
    Only articles selected in the Results window are exported.

    Click on the Export Results button and choose the format and destination you require from the menus which appear.

    If you export results to your web browser, your browser will automatically open if it is not open already.

    If your browser is open already and contains other search results, the new results may only be displayed after you click on the Refresh button on the icon menu bar at the top of your screen (depending on your browser and settings).

    Printing
    If you wish to print your results, choose “export to browser” and use your browser’s print functions.

    If you wish to edit your results, choose “export to browser” then cut and paste the results you want from this into a word processor or other editing application.

    To toggle between the search window and your web browser (and any other applications you have open), press Alt-Tab.

    Clear all text-boxes
    and reset all operator links by clicking on the Clear Search button.



    Efficient searching of a large database requires a carefully thought out strategy. For example, if you want to find all papers that discuss respiratory disease in cattle, your search would have to include terms such as:

    cattle or cow? or calf or calves or heifer? or bovine or bull? or steer?
    and

    “respiratory disease” or pneumonia or cough* or bronchi*

    Considering such things as variations in the spelling of words you are searching for, different terms that can be used to describe similar things, singular vs plural terms and terms that vary with sex or age can be important.

    Also, considering whether you are searching for all articles which CONTAIN certain words (regardless of the context in which they occur) or for articles ABOUT a given subject, will affect whether you choose to use Full Text or Subject search options. You should also bear in mind that Subject categories and classifications are somewhat arbitrary and will vary according to the experience or perspective of the person doing the classification. Two people classifying the same article may choose different terms!

    The Subject categories chosen for this archive are deliberately general and are intended to provide general guidance only, rather than a comprehensive description of the content of each article.

    For this reason, it may be useful to explore several search avenues to find all articles that are of interest to you on any given subject.

    It is unusual for any single set of search criteria to return every result you are seeking (and none that you aren’t)! You may need to try several different approaches until you discover the avenues which work best for you!