A review of bacterial pathogens in Ctenocephalides felis in New Zealand

Authors: Kelly PJ
Publication: New Zealand Veterinary Journal, Volume 52, Issue 6, pp 352-357, Dec 2004
Publisher: Taylor and Francis

Animal type: Cat, Companion animal, Dog, Human
Subject Terms: Bacterial, Protozoa, Disease/defect, Infectious disease, Biosecurity, Circulatory system/haematology, Diagnostic procedures, Disease control/eradication, Disease transmission, Epidemiology, Parasites - external, Pest/pesticides, Public health, Rickettsia, Integument/skin/wool/hair/fur/feather, Treatment/therapy, Zoonosis
Article class: Review Article

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Abstract: The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, is the recognised vector of Bartonella henselae, B. clarridgeiae and Rickettsia felis. Although these Gram-negative bacteria were only described in the last decade, they are already known to cause a variety of diseases in people, particularly children and the immunosuppressed. Such diseases include cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, endocarditis, bacteraemia, encephalopathy, neuroretinitis, osteomyelitis and peliosis hepatis. Although most infections in cats and dogs appear to be subclinical, recent studies have provided growing evidence that the bartonellas can also cause serious problems in pets, including hepatitis, endocarditis, central nervous system (CNS) signs, lymphadenopathy, uveitis, cataracts and reproductive failure. In 2004, DNA of B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae and R. felis was demonstrated in cat fleas from New Zealand and pets and their owners in the country are thus at risk of infection. While flea control programmes have traditionally been advocated by veterinarians to prevent pruritis and tapeworms in pets, they should now also be recommended to prevent infections with the new flea-borne bacterial pathogens. To raise awareness of the organisms amongst veterinarians and animal health workers, this review describes: the biology of the organisms; clinical and laboratory features of infections in cats, dogs and people; diagnosis; and possible treatments and control of infections with these organisms.
KEY WORDS: Bartonella, Ctenocephalides felis, New Zealand, Rickettsia

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